Ursula K Le Guin Essay Example for Free

Ursula K Le Guin Essay Ursula K. Le Guin was conceived Ursula Kroeber in Berkeley, California, on October 21, 1929. Her mom, Theodora Krackaw Kroeber, had a propelled degree in brain science and was a notable essayist for her accounts: Ishi in Two Worlds in 1961 and Ishi, Last of His Tribe in 1964. Le Guin’s Father, Alfred Kroeber, was a recognized anthropologist for his work with clans of Native Americans indigenous to California (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Her dad likewise instructed at the University of California at Berkeley. Le Guin and her three more established siblings Karl, Theodore, and Clifford were urged to peruse at a youthful age (Boon and Heller). During the scholarly year, the Kroebers inhabited their home in Berkeley. At the point when summer showed up, the family would move to their domain, Kishamish, in Napa Valley. There, the family delighted in the organization of numerous erudite people: essayists, researchers, graduate understudies, and American Indians. Likewise, Le Guin and her sibling habitually investigated their forty-section of land summer home. This investigation would later impact huge numbers of her books that depend on ventures by foot (Boon and Heller). Experiencing childhood in a situation that encouraged scholarly interest and having boundless access to books, started Le Guin’s imagination. Because of her parents’ devotion to different societies, her fiction shows a wide range of perspectives other than the standard Euro-American serious realism. Her different perspectives permit Le Guin’s writing to move easily across hindrances of culture, language, sex, and belief system while investigating the two elements of social and mental character (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Le Guin found sci-fi while perusing crafted by Lord Dunsany, and astoundingly, she created her first dream when she was just nine years of age. From that point, a magazine dismissed her first sci-fi story, composed when she was eleven (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). In 1947, Le Guin was taken a crack at Harvard University’s Radcliffe College and graduated in 1951 with a bachelor’s certificate in French and Italian with an accentuation in Renaissance writing (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). She at that point entered Columbia University and finished her master’s qualification in 1952. Le Guin beganâ a doctoral program at Columbia, yet in December of 1953 she chose to end her examinations to wed Charles Le Guin, a history teacher, in Pa ris, France. She had met Charles while venturing out to France as a Fulbright Fellow (Boon and Heller). After the wedding, the Le Guins lived in Georgia. While in Georgia, Ursula Le Guin showed French at Mercer University, and Charles Le Guin had effectively finished his Ph.D. in French history at Emory University. The Le Guins then moved to Idaho and had their first youngster, Elizabeth, in 1957, and their subsequent kid, Caroline, in 1959. Around the same time, Charles Le Guin took a situation at Portland State University and the family moved to Oregon forever. The Le Guin’s third and last youngster, Theodore, was conceived in 1964 (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Ursula Le Guin started attempting to distribute her work in book structure rather than magazines (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). She started composing verse, later gathered in Wild Angels in 1975, and a couple of books after her marriage. Distributers dismissed her initial works for not fitting accurately into a sort (Boon and Heller). Her advancement recorded as a hard copy happened in September 1962, when the distributing organization, Fantastic, distributed â€Å"April in Paris.† The next year, a similar distributer printed her first sci-fi story, â€Å"The Masters† (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). Le Guin started to win renowned honors and accomplish acknowledgment for her set of three: Rocannon’s World (1966), Planet of Exile (1996), and City of Illusions (1967). In 1968, Le Guin’s A Wizard of Earthsea won the Boston Globe Horn Book Award and in 1969, The Left Hand of Darkness won both the Hugo and Nebula grants. She turned into the principal author to win both the Hugo Award and the Nebula Award twice for the novel The Dispossessed (1974, 1975). Since the 1970s, Le Guin has won a lot more honors, including a few Hugos and Nebulas, Pen/USA, Locus Readers Awards, a Pushcart Prize, and a Gandalf grant for accomplishment in dream (Boon and Heller). Also, she won the Kafka Award in 1986; a Hugo Award for â€Å"Buffalo Gals, Won’t You Come Out Tonight?† (1988); a Nebula Award for Tehanu and â€Å"Solitude† (1995); and the Endeavor Award or both The Telling (2000) and Tales from Earthsea (2001); Lastly, Le Guin was accepted into the Science Fiction Hall of Fame in 2001, and was named Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America in 2003 (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). While the majority of Le Guin’s time was committed to composing, she was additionally known to be associated with political exercises. As she picked up fame, sheâ became a solid supporter for improving the nature of imagination and sci-fi. She was likewise a firm promoter for women's liberation. Her initial works dainti ly addressed sexual orientation issues; later works, for example, Tehanu, tended to the nonattendance of uniformity legitimately (Carmean, Williams, and Rich). While she set an accentuation on sci-fi and sexual orientation issues, the subject of Le Guin’s work is consistently mankind. She utilizes an illustrative procedure while her mode is figurative. Drawing from the viewpoint of the Daoist savant Laozi, Le Guin’s characters look for solidarity and complete mindfulness and must have the option to perceive the genuine natures of individuals or articles before they can really comprehend their place on the planet. The characters must gain proficiency with the inescapable Catch 22s throughout everyday life and the questionable idea of creation (Carmean, Williams, and Rich).

Covering the full semester of learning Critical Thinking Term Paper

Covering the full semester of learning Critical Thinking - Term Paper Example Life is comprehended through the recognitions individuals hold about how occasions happen, why they occur, and how much control they had over how they happened. Bunch (2004) depicts an occasion called a change in perspective, which implies that the manner by which life is seen shifts towards another thought of how life can function. A change in perspective happens when the manner by which life is seen is moved to another comprehension. This underlying idea made its own change in perspective for me as I perceived how life could be drawn closer in various manners from which I had initially accepted. Through becoming familiar with what Covey (2004) introduced, I started to imagine that prospects were more extensive and more accessible than what I initially saw as my own impediments. Information makes new thoughts and changes the manner by which something is placed into setting with convictions about the world. Learning, at that point, is the conductor through which information can make important change. One can say that numerous insights characterize how that learning is accomplished and seen. The understanding that insight comes in numerous structures underpins the numerous degrees of observation that exist (Gardner, 1983). Change comes then from how close to home insights see and get information and uses it towards significant change. The manner by which the individual methodologies life can be seen through the focuses on which they center their lives. Flock (2004) portrays the inside by first expressing that it isn't really a simple spot to recognize. The focal point of one’s life is characterized by what is significant, which is normally what gives security and direction. Intelligence and force are not generally gotten from that inside, yet ought to be looked for as a piece of how one focuses their life so as to hoist the idea of how life is lived. The focal point of one’s life can be a terrible spot as well, which shadows each move they make and keeps them limited by rules they have characterized, yet may not be from a position of truth. Revelations and focuses can come at the same time now and again. In perusing the book Left to tell: Discovering God in the midst of the Rwandan holocaust, Immaculee Llibagiza (2008) I found that Immaculee discovered confidence amidst a danger against her life. Her work day happens as she ends her life from a position of dread to that of a position of confidence wherein she accepted that God would keep her from hurt. Her feelings of dread were solid to such an extent that they had been the focal point of her life, yet in finding that she accepted that God would hold her from hurt, she moved the focal point of her musings from dread to confidence. How we see the focal point of our life and how our propensities bolster that inside makes viability or ineffectualness in accomplishing objectives and results. Propensities, Covey (2004) composes, are â€Å"the convergence of information, ability, and desire†, which on account of Llibagiza (2008) were not, at this point applicable to war time presence. Her day by day propensities and the information and expertise with which she existed were not a piece of the new presence of living in every day dread and stowing away. She needed to shed every last bit of her old propensities and structure new ones that coordinated her condition. Between the ideas of propensity that Covey (2004) clarifies and the interruption that Llibagiza (2008), obviously propensities frequently should be changed to advance endurance, however

Systematic Desensitization for Panic Disorders

Systematic Desensitization for Panic Disorders Panic Disorder Treatment Print Systematic Desensitization for Panic Disorders By Sheryl Ankrom linkedin Sheryl Ankrom is a clinical professional counselor and nationally certified clinical mental health counselor specializing in anxiety disorders. Learn about our editorial policy Sheryl Ankrom Updated on January 05, 2020 Joerg Steffens/OJO Images/Getty Images More in Panic Disorder Treatment Symptoms Diagnosis Coping Related Conditions Joseph Wolpe, a pioneer of behavioral therapy, developed a technique called systematic desensitization for the treatment of anxiety-related disorders and phobias. This technique is based on the principles of classical conditioning and the premise that what has been learned (conditioned) can be unlearned. Ample research shows that systematic desensitization is effective in reducing anxiety and panic attacks associated with fearful situations. Systematic desensitization usually starts with imagining yourself in a progression of fearful situations and using relaxation strategies that compete with anxiety. Once you can successfully manage your anxiety while imagining fearful events, you can use the technique in real-life situations. The goal of systematic desensitization is to become gradually desensitized to the triggers that are causing your distress. Learning to Relax Before you can begin gradually exposing yourself to your feared situations, you must first learn and practice some relaxation techniques. Some techniques commonly used in relaxation training include: Deep Breathing When people are anxious, they tend to take rapid, shallow breaths that come directly from the chest. This type of breathing is called thoracic or chest breathing. When you’re feeling anxious, you may not even be aware that you’re breathing this way. Chest breathing disturbs the oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body, resulting in increased heart rate, dizziness, muscle tension, and other physical sensations. This may signal your body to produce a stress response that contributes to anxiety and panic attacks. How to Breathe Properly for Relieving Your Anxiety Progressive Muscle Relaxation If you have panic disorder, agoraphobia or another type of anxiety disorder, you may experience frequent muscle tension. In fact, chronic muscle tension may be so automatic that it seems normal, and you may have forgotten what it feels like when your muscles are completely relaxed. By employing the progressive muscle relaxation technique, you will be able to quickly rediscover the distinctions between relaxation and tension of various muscle groups. Using Progressive Muscle Relaxation Visualization By imagining yourself in a peaceful, stress-free setting, you can reach a state of mental and physical relaxation. For example, imagine yourself sitting near a beautiful, peaceful lake. Focus on the scene for a period. Feel the soft sand on the bottom of your feet. As a gentle breeze sweeps across the water, imagine the warm air on your face as you watch a magnificent sunset on the horizon. Visualization Techniques How Systematic Desensitization Works Before beginning systematic desensitization, you need to have mastered relaxation training and developed a hierarchy (from least feared to most feared) list of your feared situations. If you have difficulty getting to a state of relaxation or identifying your anxiety hierarchy, you should consult with a professional who will be able to provide you with guidance. Systematic desensitization begins with imaginary exposure to feared situations. Use your anxiety hierarchy to break down the feared situation into manageable components. For example, let’s say you fear to go into large stores. You may have the least anxiety walking into the store and your anxiety likely intensifies as you get further from the exit doors. Standing in the checkout line represents your highest fear response. In this case, you would start the process by focusing on the action that causes the least amount of distress and then work your way up. The result is that you will gradually, or systematically, become desensitized to shopping in large stores. Desensitization, Hierarchies and Social Anxiety

The Tell Tale Heart By Edgar Allan Bro - 876 Words

edgar allan bro Although a literary text can be interpreted many different ways, a particular approach can be enlightening and reveal possible and specific ways to interpret the text. In Edgar Allan Poe’s story â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart†, the narrator begins the story with stating that he is â€Å"nervous --very, very dreadfully nervous† (Poe) - but not insane. Through the story, he attempts to defend his sanity, but ultimately confesses to killing an old man. He had no motivation besides the fear of the man’s eye – â€Å"the eye of a vulture --a pale blue eye, with a film over it† (Poe). From a psychoanalytic approach, readers could infer that the narrator in â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† is being driven by his ego. His is fixed on committing his crime cautiously, but in the end his ego forces him to confess his misdeed. This approach shows what drives the mind to make the decisions we as people make. Furthermore, it shows the results of the unrepressed ego. When reading â€Å"The Tell-Tale Heart† for the first time, one may think the narrator is controlled by his id. But reading closer into the story, it begins to point to his ego that is controlling him. The narrator’s superego and id play very miniscule roles in his thought process, and do not show in his actions. The narrator s egocentrism is displayed when he says, I think it was his eye! yes, it was this!... Whenever it fell upon me, my blood ran cold... (Poe). He talks of killing the man to rid him of the fear of the eye. One criticShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of Poe By Edgar Allan Poe1635 Words   |  7 Pagesare always searching for the right words to express their true emotions towards a certain subject. Artists and authors manage to make a living off of knowing how to use the right words to reach through to their platform. Though within his time, Edgar Allan Poe did not have an established platform and was seen as estranged; he still dabbled as an author and has mad e many famous short stories and poems that we enjoy to this day. Poe uses tone, diction, imagery, symbolism, elements of the supernaturalRead More The Death of the ‘Authorlessness Theory’? Essay6470 Words   |  26 PagesHardin). Third, Gram Parsons did not write all of the songs on the album. â€Å"I Can’t Dance† was a Tom T. Hall song; â€Å"Cash on the Barrelhead† was originally by the Louvin Brothers; â€Å"Love Hurts† was written by the famous songwriter Boudleaux Bryant; and, â€Å"Hearts on Fire† was co-written by Tom Guidera (Harris’ then boyfriend) and Walter Egan. Fourth, Parsons’ performance of â€Å"Hickory Wind† marked the second time he had recorded the song for an album. While a member of the Byrds, he recorded the song on their

Being the Best Missionary to the Indians - 887 Words

A good missionary is one that simply is respected and accepted by the Indians and who has successfully spread the word of God to them. Many qualities however though play into obtaining this presence. A lot of Europeans that came to the new world did not possess these many qualities to understand the Indians. As a Jesuit myself who is a part of the New France mission I do know on a first hand basis what it takes to be a good missionary. As a part of the New France mission I have experienced various encounters with several different Indian nations. I do admit that these native people are very down to earth and connected with each other very well. The purpose of are mission to New France was to spread the word of God and our Catholic faith to the natives and convert them. This process is much easier said than it is to actually be done. For one just think about trying to first communicate with a person who speaks a different language, has no idea who you are, and where you came from. To sum it up basically trying to talk with an alien from another planet in the skies. This leads me to saying that communication and patience are the top two qualities that we missionaries have to have to even start to succeed with our mission. Other Frenchmen that came here to the New World to start a new life do not seem up to par with are communication and patience skills with the natives here. The fact of their skills not up to par with ours is mainly because as a Jesuit we have been trainedShow MoreRelated`` A Winter Of Lahore `` By Ashley Carus Wilson1518 Words   |  7 PagesIrene Petrie: Missionary to Kashmir Written by Ashley Carus-Wilson, this book is a biography of Irene Petrie, a missionary who went abroad to India for four year, and died during her time there. Carus-Wilson is sister to Petrie, and wrote this book for the purpose of ensuring that her sister was remembered and honored by the community. The chapter being examined is entitled, â€Å"A Winter in Lahore†, and details Petrie’s first arrival to India and her mission work thereafter. The audience of this textRead MoreComparison of How Spain, France, Britian, and America Interacted with the Natives1345 Words   |  5 Pagesbrought over Franciscan missionaries to begin to witness to the Florida Indians. For most of the 1600’s the Franciscan missions were the preverbal mediator between the Indians of Florida and the people of Spain. It was also reported that the Native people that lived in away from the missions did not feel the religious squeeze, but were however, still within the reach of the sickness brought over from Europe. The Indians that lived in the villages close to the missionaries started to change slowlyRead MoreCherokee Removal Essays886 Words   |  4 Pagesamongst the new citizens of a new, free country and the traditions of the Cherokee people was being pushed back into the west. Since international law said that England had discovered the American colonies, they therefore owned all of the land. That meant that the natives or quot;uncivilizedquot; people no longer owned the land. This group of the quot;uncivilizedquot; consisted of many Indian tribes which were forced out of their homeland, including the Cherokee. While Georgia andRead MoreMotives of Exploration of the New World Essay823 Words   |  4 Pagesof adventure. The treasures that Columbus brought back to Spain enticed many adventurous explorers and sent them searching for gold and silver. Missionary clergymen sought to serve God by converting the natives to Christianity. By 1634, the area of present-day Florida and Georgia was home to 30 Spanish missionaries, 44 missionary stations, and 30,000 Indian converts to Catholicism. Within a few decades, Spanish explorers became familiar with the northern coast of South America, the Pacific Ocean, theRead More Lakot Woman Essay926 Words   |  4 Pageseveryday life as an American Indian woman. The Lack of running water or electricity, the poverty and oppression found on and around the Indian reservation, are just a few examples of the problems that she had to deal with on a continuing basis. She describes in detail the violence and hopelessness that her people encountered at the hands of the white man as well as the â€Å"hang around the fort Indians†. Mary Crow Dog tells of horrors she had to endure while attending the missionary school and of facing theRead MoreRed Jacket By Phillis Wheatley1062 Words   |  5 PagesRed Jackets’ â€Å"Reply to the Missionary Jacob Cram† and the poems written by Phillis Wheatley both have something in common. Belief in a God/god(s). Red Jacket provides that in his culture there is the belief in the Great Spirit which Jacob Cram wants to change to the almighty God and Phillis Wheatley shows how what she went through as a slave brought her to an un-denying devotion to God. Religion is something that has developed continually over the years, but one thing has remained the same†¦ everyRead MoreAmerican History And The Colonization Of North America By Daniel K. Richter1130 Words   |  5 PagesNorth America; it is the European or white man’s version of events. Children all over the United States see pictures of Indians barely wearing clothes and wearing headdresses covered in feathers and larger than the very heads they sit on. Though, this narrative is not contained to inaccurate history books it is represented in books, movies even advertisements. Time and time again Indians are portrayed as savages who lack morals and are devoid of humanity. Recently author Daniel K. Richter has askedRead MoreThe Islamic Diffusion Of India1243 Words   |  5 PagesArabs began to convert to Islam, the religion carried to the coast of India. The first mosque in India was built in 629, it is called the Cheraman Juma Masjid. The mosque was made in the Indian state Kerala. Islam continued to spread into Indian cities, by immigration and conversion, as the Arab Muslims and the Indians continued trading. DIFFUSION Islamic diffusion in India happened through both Relocation and Expansion. India was first introduced to Islam in the 600’s when Arab tradersRead MoreI Visited The San Fernando Mission1205 Words   |  5 Pages2016 .The visit to the mission was one of the best experiences that I encountered. It was an exposure to a lot of details and helped me understand and reconnect with the past historical events and moments that we were studying throughout the semester. The San Fernando mission was the 17th mission founded by father juniper Serra. It was built to fill the gap between the mission San Buenaventura and the mission San Gabriel. We talked a lot about the Indians in the class and you mentioned that they areRead MoreThe Trail Of Tears : The Removal Of The Indians1631 Words   |  7 Pagesto be mostly opinions and exaggerations. One of the most popular ideas that justified the Indian Removal was that the United States was moving the Cherokees for their own sake. Lewis Cass, a supporter of the Indian Removal and a governor of Michigan territory, wrote an essay titled â€Å"Removal of the Indians† in January 1830, only eight years before the Trail of Tears. In this essay he speaks of why the Indians should be removed. One of the things he says is,†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦From an early period,[the Cherokees’] rapid

Symbols in Ethan Frome Free Essays

Sex, lies and deceit. These three things are what this novel is about. But it is so much more than that. We will write a custom essay sample on Symbols in Ethan Frome or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the book Ethan Frome, written by Edith Wharton, the author uses symbolism to represent many things such as death. Symbols such as Zeena’s red pickle dish, the cold season of winter, and the dead cucumber vine all represent important parts that make up this novel. Zeena’s red pickle dish is a dish Zeena treasures most. She received the pickle dish as a wedding present and only uses the dish on special occasions. Mattie uses the pickle dish the night her and Ethan are alone, while Zeena is out of town. The cat accidently breaks the dish during the dinner. â€Å"†¦And gathering up the bits of broken glass she went out of the room as if she carried a dead body† (Wharton 66). At this point, Zeena was really mad when she found out herself that the dish was broken and no one told her. This gave her another reason to hate Ethan and Mattie even more. The dish breaking symbolizes the marriage between Ethan and Zeena was now broken. Ethan Frome takes place in Starkfield, Massachusetts during the cold winter months. Winter controls over the tragedy in all its signs of snow, wind, cold and darkness. Winter is the worst season for Ethan. In the beginning, Harmon Gow had said, â€Å"Guess he’s been in Starkfield too many winters. Most of the smart ones get away† (Wharton 2). Ethan studied science and technology after high school, but after his father died and his mother became sick, he was forced to come back to his hometown of Starkfield. Responsibility for his mother and poverty has prevented him from leaving. Sadly, Ethan’s mother died in the winter. After his mother’s death, Ethan married Zeena because he was so lonely all the time. Winter is symbolizes isolation and loneliness. Last but not least, the dead cucumber vine. â€Å"A dead cucumber vine dangled from the porch like the crape streamer tied to the door for a death, and the thought flashed through Ethan’s brain: â€Å"If it was there for Zeena-† (Wharton 26). Ethan wished Zeena was dead. If Zeena was not alive, Ethan could be with Mattie and they both would be happy together. They wouldn’t have to hide their love for each other. The dead cucumber vine symbolizes death and also symbolizes dying souls that live in the Frome’s house. In this case is Zeena, who is the slowly dying soul living in the house because of her illness. Zeena’s red pickle dish, winter, and the dead cucumber vine are all important symbols in this novel. Understanding these symbols make this novel more interesting now that one knows what some objects symbolizes. Such as Zeena’s pickle dish, the broken dish is a symbol for the shattering of Ethan and Zeena’s marriage. The winter represents loneliness. The dead cucumber represents death. These three things best represent the story of Ethan Frome. How to cite Symbols in Ethan Frome, Papers

Plato and Aristotle free essay sample

Plato and Aristotle were two philosophers who made an impact on philosophy as we know it as today. Plato is thought of as the first political philosopher and Aristotle as the first metaphysical philosopher. They were both great intellectuals in regards to being the first of the great western philosophers. Plato and Aristotle each had ideas in how to better life by improving the societies in which they were part of during their lives. The views of Plato and Aristotle look different but they do have some similarities to them. Plato is mostly known for his Theory of Forms and Aristotle is known for his thoughts in universals. Even though they both thought a bit differently they did agree in a few things. Plato and Aristotle not only had an impact on society in the past but today’s society as well. Plato was a teacher to Aristotle and lived during the Peloponnesian War, which lead to the end of the Athenian democracy. He had eyewitness account of Socrates, his mentor, trial and execution. Unhappy with the political corruption that plagued the Athenian democratic government, he removed himself from politics. He strongly felt that neither a moral individual nor a state could be established in a democratic environment. Plato felt that the common man was not intelligent enough to deal with concepts that influence the state such as economics, policies and other relative matters. He thought of philosophers as being the most intelligent among men. He viewed political incumbents in the Athens government basically as bought individuals in office for the good of themselves and not society as a whole. Another danger was that extreme liberties given to the people in the democratic society could potentially lead an anarchy. Aristotle was a student of Plato’s and teacher of Alexander the Great. He created his own school in Athens. He thought of metaphysics to be the first philosophy, which was a large interest to him. Aristotle’s stated that forms were universal. According to Aristotle, notion of Essential properties makes something what it is, and accidental properties are the differences of that item. Aristotle believed the state and the individual are similar and democracy would be the better government. In Book VII of The Republic by Plato, Socrates describes the Allegory of the Cave. It is a metaphor to illustrate the effects of education on the human soul. It can also be understood as what is real and what is believed to be real in life. Even though Plato had his ideal city, the forms was really what people could connect with. There is so much one can take from his thoughts on the forms that could be applied to society today. Plato starts out comparing people that are uneducated to prisoners chained in a cave, unable to turn their head. All they can see is the wall of the cave in front of them. A fire behind them burns bright. Between the fire and the prisoners, there is an area for puppeteers to move around and hold up the puppets to cast shadows on the wall that is in front of the prisoners. This is what the prisoners see every single day. This is all they know; shadows, echoes, the smell of the fire, and darkness. They believe that that shadows are reality. One of the prisoners is allowed to go outside of the cave. Once they reach the outside of the cave, they are blinded by the light because they have not seen such. Once their eyes start to adjust, they start seeing shapes and objects around them. They see that the sun is what creates light and that the tall objects with leaves are trees. They are colorful with moving parts. They go back outside to tell the prisoners, but they are not believed. Those still inside of the cave thinks the person just came in from the outside ill because that is not what they see in the cave, they did not see the outside for themselves, so therefore, it does not exist. So now the person that just came in from the bright sun light cannot see very well in the darkness of the cave, their eyes have not adjusted to the darkness, and people think they are crazy. This is where this view fails for Aristotle because it is not realistic. Aristotle rejects Plato’s Theory of Forms, and makes the way for his realistic approach, which underlines observation first and abstract reasoning second. Being a student of Plato’s, I believe he was indebted to justify at lengths why he disagrees with doctrines of his teacher. He provided detailed arguments against many of Plato’s doctrines, a lot of his major works, focusing in particular on the Theory of Forms. In Aristotle’s critique he thinks this theory is essentially an assertion of the superiority of universals over particulars. Plato argues that particular instances of beauty or justice exists only because they participate in the universal Form of Beauty. Say a there are two objects, one is colorless and the other one is red. The colorless one goes where the red on is located. Since the colorless object and the red object are participating, they are both red objects. They have a certain nurture and nature. However, Aristotle argues that universal concepts of beauty and justice derive from the instances of beauty and justice in this world. We only arrive at an idea of beauty by observing particular instances of beauty. This universal quality of beauty has no existence beyond this idea that we build from particular instances. He is staying that the particulars come first and the universals come after and therefor, Aristotle places emphasis on the importance of observing the details of this world. Which leads me to understand his thoughts on happiness a little more. With putting the weight on observing happiness can measured by a person’s life. Aristotle lays out in Book X in the Nicomachean Ethic’s, the continuation of his thoughts on pleasure, happiness and the end of life, and ethics and politics. His view on happiness and the end of human life really made me question his way of thinking. Aristotle suggests that happiness is the final end of life because nothing is greater than happiness or the good life and it goes against his universal theory. Aristotle proposes that happiness, or the good life, is taken to be a most final end. â€Å"We said, then, that happiness is not a characteristic, for in that case it could be present even to someone asleep thought his life, living the life of plants, and to someone undergoing the greatest misfortunes. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1176a-1176b). The good life for humans is the life of choosing to life the life according to the virtues. â€Å"For we choose everything, so to speak, for the sake of something else-except happiness, for it is the end. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1176b). Also, it seems that only humans can be happy because the happiness is an important nature of every individual human and it is unique to humans in that the function of humans is what distinguishes them from other kinds of things. Happiness is a self-sufficient activity desirable for its own sake. One seeks nothing from happiness beyond the actual experience or performance of it as an activity. Activities that are desirable in themselves are activities in conformity with virtue and indicates that the greatest happiness must be activity in conformity with the highest virtue. It is wrong to confuse happiness with various kinds of amusements involving bodily pleasures, as many people do. Such amusements are neither virtuous nor ends in themselves, but are merely relaxing diversions in which one occasionally engages for the sake of future activity. The greatest happiness is activity in conformity with the highest virtue is excellence. Intelligence is mans highest possession and the objects of intelligence are the highest objects within his grasp. It is clear that the life of contemplation and theoretical wisdom must be the greatest of human virtues and the highest form of happiness. The objects of the contemplative life are the unchangeable and eternal verities that underlie and govern the universe. From contemplation of these truths the soul derives a feeling of purity and stability. â€Å"Further, this active is most continuous, for we are more able to contemplate continuously than we are to do anything else whatever. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1177a). Also, the wise person is able to contemplate by himself, the wiser he is the more adept he will be doing so. Contemplative happiness is not dependent on other men. It is the form of life in which human beings come most nearly to being divine, the life that harmonizes with intellect, and that life seems to be the happiest, according to Aristotle. There is another kind of happiness, based on moral virtue and practical wisdom, which is concerned with feelings that spring from mans bodily nature. It can be defined as the harmonious coordination of all parts of mans complete being. This kind of happiness is not as exalted as the contemplative, but it helps prepare us for the higher happiness and, since man is not all mind and reason, gives us something to fall back upon when we are unable to remain continuously at the higher level. â€Å"For if there is a certain care for human things on the part of gods, as in fact there is held to be, it would be also reasonable for gods to delight in what is best and most akin to them – this would be the intellect – and to benefit in return those who cherish this above all and honor it, on the grounds that these latter are caring for what is dear to gods as well as acting correctly and nobly. † (Nicomachean Ethics, 1179a). This person is the happiest and a wise person would be extremely happy. I believe this idea has some hints of Plato’s forms. The one person who went outside of the cave and saw it all was brought down by all the people in the cave that didn’t see the outside. Aristotle states that you cannot be happy with a lot of friends because they are not true friends. I believe those excess friendships would be a similar situation in the cave. They would not bring your happiness, only suffering. Aristotle and Plato have similarities in their city states as well. Plato gives a place to women, but Aristotle does not seem to care for women. When reading Plato, the texts are in Socrates’s voice. It makes it hard to connect what he is saying, especially in the Republic since it is a play. Also, one cannot tell if Socrates, Plato, is being serious or straightforward or if it’s Socrates’s thoughts or Plato’s. In Nicomachean Ethics, the text is Aristotle’s lecture notes and he is the author of them. While reading, it seems that Plato comes out and gives his opinion on matters, but Aristotle presents them, but does not come out and say what his thoughts are. Plato and Aristotle were two philosophers who made a huge impact on philosophy. They were both great western philosophers. Plato and Aristotle each had ideas in how to better life by improving the societies in which they were part of during their lives. Although they are thought to have completely different views, when laid out, their views have some similarities.